Introduction. The identification of risk factors and the prediction of mortality from various causes are important issues in medicine. From a preventive perspective, it is crucial to identify patients at high risk of death, as early detection and treatment of diseases effectively increase life expectancy. The purpose of the study: to develop a universal model for predicting death in adult patients within 10 years and to compare the predictive ability of predicting death in a large contemporary cohort of the machine learning model (decision trees) with a Cox regression. Materials and methods. The data source for the study was the database of the Webiomed predictive analytics platform. The study included 1,129,268 records of 201,985 patients aged 18 years and older. 177 predictive features were investigated, of which 12 were selected for modelling as a result of a multi-stage selection process. Two survival analysis algorithms, CoxPHFitter and RandomSurvivalForest, were used for modelling. The models were used to determine the probability of death within 1, 3, 5 and 10 years. Results. Both models performed well in predicting death, however, the best result was obtained by the RSF model. Metrics of the best model with 95% CI for predicting death within 10 years: AUC0.921 (0.914–0.929), Accuracy 0.849 (0.84–0.858), Sensitivity 0.813 (0.795–0.83), Specificity 0.871 (0.859–0.882), Concordance index 0.867 (0.861–0.874), Positive predictive value 0.791 (0.776–0.806), Negative Predictive Value 0.886 (0.876–0.895). Conclusion. Machine learning models predict mortality outcomes well, demonstrating high discrimination and classification accuracy. Their use may help to identify high-risk patients to inform decisions to prevent death. 

Introduction. Technological developments, changing structure of medical service consumption, and shifts in the global socio-economic landscape are becoming sources and factors driving new trends in global healthcare development. The emergence of trends at their inception stage, as an indistinguishable sign of a new process, is commonly referred to as weak signals. Their early fixation is a particularly challenging task, which requires a comprehensive scientometric analysis using special analytical applications and tools. The purpose of the study: to identify weak signals of emerging trends in “Public health and healthcare” thematic area based on an analysis of “hot papers”, “research horizons” and “research fronts” recorded in early 2025. Materials and methods. A comprehensive scientometric analysis was performed, involving the use of three methodological approaches to detecting weak signals: the method of determining research fronts (using the analytical application to the Web of Science database – Essential Science Indicators), the method of determining “hot citation” publication (Hot papers) and the method of identifying research horizons (using the Research Horizon Navigator analytical application). Results. A comprehensive scientometric analysis has been performed, that integrated three methodological approaches to identifying weak signals in “Public health and healthcare” thematic area. Of the three methods used to detect weak signals, the “Research Horizons” algorithm can be identified as the most “sensitive” tool. However, all three methods yielded a similar list of emerging and established trends. Conclusion. The following research areas are considered “emerging trends”: adolescent health, mechanisms of healthy aging, ethical issues of using AI and machine learning technologies in healthcare, accreditation of public health organizations, achieving equity in health care delivery, and new approaches to using and analyzing medical data. 

Introduction. Practicing narcologists point to the need to modernize the existing procedure for mandatory medical examination of drivers. The purpose of the study: identification of indicators (parameters) significant for a psychiatrist-narcologist to assess the condition of drivers during a mandatory medical examination related to the restoration of the right to drive a vehicle. Materials and methods. A survey of 120 psychiatrists and narcologists working in narcological dispensaries in Moscow. The results were processed using descriptive statistics methods. Results. Objective methods for diagnosing alcohol abuse are the most effective for a doctor to decide whether a driver is fit to drive a vehicle. The results of the chemical and toxicological examination and the data of the objective medical history are significant. Conclusion. In order to increase the effectiveness of the procedure for assessing the suitability of drivers to drive a vehicle, additional external inspection criteria must be introduced into the Procedure. The fact that a driver who had previously driven a vehicle while intoxicated voluntarily completed thematic preventive rehabilitation programs may become an additional tool for a doctor when making an expert decision based on the results of the mandatory medical examination procedure. 

Introduction. HIV in the Far Eastern Federal district is found in concentrated epidemic, however, the situation is tense. Scientific advances in diagnosis and treatment allowed people living with HIV (PLWH) have a chance to live a full life. However, PLWH discrimination and stigmatization as well as self-perceived risk of acquiring HIV persists among medical staff and in society. The purpose of the study: to evaluate level of awareness concerning HIV-infection, self-perceived infection risk and stigmatization of patients living with HIV among medical staff of healthcare institutions of the Far Eastern Federal district. Materials and methods. Analysis of data obtained in an anonymous survey of 1953 medical workers from 7 constituent entities of the Far Eastern Federal district was performed to implement the goals and aims of the research. Method of continuous random sampling and a structured questionnaire were used in the survey. Sociological method and method of comparative analysis were used in the study. Results. Analysis of obtained data indicates a satisfactory level of knowledge on the issue and presence of stigmatizing behavior towards HIV-infected patients. The attitude towards HIV-infected people is mostly friendly but myths about HIV-infection transmission routs were revealed that may lead to discrimination of people living with HIV. A negative reaction towards birth of children by HIV-infected women was detected. Stigmatizing behavior was higher in mid-level medical personnel compared to physicians by 4.4 times. Appearance of perceived risk of being infected due to professional duties was associated with higher work experience. Conclusion. Studying the level of healthcare institutions personnel awareness on HIV-infection can be a sort of indicator of perceived infection risk and stigmatization of HIV-infected patients. Results of the research can help to define needed measures for improving competence level of medical workers in order to form a professional environment excluding perceived risk of being infected due to professional duties and increasing tolerance towards patients living with HIV and affection the quality of medical care. 

Introduction. In recent years, the health of the student microsociety has served as a cause of serious concern. According to a number of authors, more than 65% of Russian students have chronic diseases. In addition, a characteristic feature of student youth is a misunderstanding of the significance of their health status with its inadequate assessment. One of the indicators of student youth attitude to health is its self-assessment. However, the subjective assessment of health and its assessment based on objective data may not coincide, which can lead to a chronic course of the disease. The purpose of the study: to analyze the self-assessment of health and morbidity structure of medical university students. Materials and methods. Students of FSBEI VO «SSMU» of the Ministry of Health of Russia. The analysis of morbidity was carried out according to the nomenclature, according to the «International Classification of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of Death X revision». Sources of information in the study: accounting records of healthcare organizations providing medical care to students. To analyze the students’ attitude to their health, the «Questionnaire about the student’s health status» was developed. An anonymous online questionnaire survey was conducted among 1180 students. Results. At the analysis of questionnaires of assessment of health by students of SSMU it was revealed that about a half of respondents (49,2%) do not complain about their health, 13,4% of students experience disorders in their health but do not pay attention to it, rarely consult a doctor 72,2% and are not on the dispensary registration 64,7%. During the questioning 16,3% of SSMU students indicated the presence of endocrine system diseases, 15,4% – digestive system, 13,6% – eye diseases, 11,6% – diseases of circulatory organs. Diseases of the digestive (47,3%) and nervous (22,5%) systems are leading in the structure of morbidity among non-communicable diseases among medical students. Conclusion. Self-assessment of health can serve as an important indicator of students’ health status. 

Introduction. The article is aimed at analyzing the process of youth using knowledge about a healthy lifestyle in everyday choices and actions. The study identified potential medical and social risks and comprehended the causes of self-destructive behavior in relation to health. The data obtained can be useful in preventive and information-educational work. The purpose of the study: studying the readiness of student youth to daily conscious reproduction of healthy lifestyle patterns (proper nutrition, weight control) that prevent health risks. Materials and methods. The thematic analysis of publications and studies was carried out; statistical (secondary data analysis), sociological (online questionnaires and blitz surveys) and analytical (interpretation of research results) methods were applied in the article. The empirical basis of the study was the author’s original sociological screening of student youth, which covered 4 age groups: 18–20 years old (5014 respondents); 21–25 years old (944 respondents); 26–30 years old (158 respondents); 31–35 years old (22 respondents) and took place from February to October 2023. Results. The most harmful food habits of student youth were recorded: overeating (10.8%); malnutrition (6.7%), the reasons for which are lack of time (39.4%), desire to lose weight (21.4%); eating 1–2 times a day (37.6%); 30.2% eat wherever they can; consumption of fast food (78.8%) and energy drinks (52%), which are prerequisites for excess body weight. The boundaries of a potential risk group (44.1%) with different variations of body weight deviations (both in the direction of overweight and underweight) were determined. Conclusion. In the course of the comprehensive study it was found that the theoretical level of health risk control of the studied population group is at a sufficiently high level. However, in everyday practice (de facto) we are faced with self-destructive behavior, which leads to devaluation of available knowledge, increased health risks and additional medical and social attention. 

Introduction. The provision of medical assistance to stop tobacco use is one of the leading public policy measures to effectively reduce and eliminate the harm caused by tobacco. The purpose of the study: to develop Clinical Recommendations (CR) on tobacco quitting, treatment of nicotine addiction and the consequences of consumption of tobacco and nicotine-containing products. Materials and methods. The basis for the development of CR was systematic reviews and scientific research on the main key issues of tobacco (nicotine) addiction treatment: behavioral therapy; pharmacological treatment; combination of behavioral and pharmacological therapy; traditional, complementary and alternative treatments; tobacco cessation in the treatment of NCDs. The scales of the reliability of evidence in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Health were used to determine the certainty of evidence and formulate the recommendations. Results. CR included 9 evidence-based recommendations: diagnosis of tobacco dependence syndrome and tobacco withdrawal syndrome is carried out by all doctors; assessment of medical consequences in patients who use tobacco/nicotine; behavioral support is provided to patients; pharmacological treatment aimed at the treatment of nicotine addiction is prescribed; a combination of behavioral and pharmacological therapy is recommended to increase the effectiveness of treatment; pharmacological therapy of concomitant diseases is prescribed; traditional and alternative treatments are not used; treatment is provided to both tobacco users and nicotine users at outpatient and inpatient levels of medical care. Conclusion. The recommendations are evidence-based, modern, and can be applied by doctors at both outpatient and inpatient levels of medical care. 

Introduction. The creation of conditions for the provision of high-quality emergency medical care based on the introduction of new approaches, innovative technologies and optimization of the bed stock contribute to improving the efficiency of a multidisciplinary hospital and expanding the range of services provided. The purpose of the study: based on the analysis of periodical literature devoted to the organization of the activities of diagnostic and emergency departments and inpatient departments, to identify current problematic issues and identify ways to solve them. Materials and methods. The databases PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and eLibrary searched for publications on the organization of medical care at the stage of emergency departments and inpatient emergency departments of multidisciplinary hospitals, of which 45 articles were used in this study. The analysis of large amounts of data was carried out based on the Microsoft Excel program and the artificial intelligence platform YandexGPT 3. Results. The main problematic issues are overcrowding, the quality of communication between staff and patients, the need to implement the principles of digital transformation and lean manufacturing, interaction with other parts of medical care, and infrastructure development. Conclusion. The administration of patient flows should prevent overcrowding and crowding, ensure interaction with other medical organizations in non-core cases, and help attract additional resources if necessary. In the organization of work, an important aspect is the observance of patient safety rules. In addition to solving the main task of providing qualified medical care to patients with emergency and urgent conditions, the functioning of the service helps manage the flow of hospitalization to hospital departments, as well as ensures continuity between outpatient and hospital units. 

Introduction. Today, taking into account the current international situation, the rehabilitation of combat veterans is becoming particularly relevant. Moreover, the state plays a significant role in solving this problem in relation to this category of persons. The purpose of the study: to study the structure of disorders of body functions, taking into account the ICF, in combat veterans who underwent rehabilitation in a specialized institution GBU RO «GVV» in 2022 and determine their need for various types of rehabilitation. Materials and methods. We studied the structure of disorders of the central and peripheral nervous system in 168 combat veterans who underwent rehabilitation in the hospital of GBU RO «GVV» in 2022 and determined their need for various rehabilitation measures using the statistical method and the method of comparative analysis. Results. It has been established that in combat veterans with impaired functions of the central and peripheral nervous system, such limitations of body functions as decreased memory function, impaired sleep function, emotions, impaired intellectual functions, etc., requiring special rehabilitation measures, are quite widespread. The relevance of the work of the multidisciplinary team of the medical organization and its role in establishing a rehabilitation diagnosis in accordance with the ICF is noted. Conclusion. There is a high need for medical rehabilitation measures among combat veterans, which requires an integrated approach with the participation of a wide range of specialists. The international classification of functioning makes it possible to more fully diagnose the characteristics of the functioning of each combat veteran, determine his life limitations, followed by the development of an individual medical rehabilitation plan, which allows to achieve a greater effect from the rehabilitation measures carried out. Recommended rehabilitation measures for the third stage in outpatient clinics may not always be carried out in full for a number of objective reasons, depending on the place of residence of a combat veteran.