Introduction. In the modern world, the terms «child friendliness index» or «child well-being index» continue to be unconventional concepts, which is explained by the existence of differences in assessment approaches (including country and regional ones) and various variations in their semantic content.
The purpose of the study: to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the formation of the concept of «child welfare index» and the evolution of tools and approaches to its assessment in world and domestic practice.
Materials and methods. Based on available sources of scientific literature, the specifics and versatility of the concepts of child welfare, child friendliness, and the factors that make them up in real life are analyzed, which are significant from the point of view of both the current situation of children and those affecting their lives in the future, as well as valid indicators that allow them to be evaluated. Results. It has been revealed that within the framework of approaches used by international organizations, children’s well-being is assessed in terms of a set of parameters characterizing the standard of living of children now and in the future. Among these parameters, the most often considered are: health (physical and mental), education and development, material well-being, behavioral factors and a subjective assessment of personal well-being. An important aspect is the discussion of the scientific community on the content of this concept, which is «sewn» into the decoding of the term. The article presents the main world practices for assessing the well-being of children used in different countries, and examines in detail the unique domestic assessment system. The formation of principles and methodology is considered in detail – all the features of the system of indices / subindexes for assessing the child welfare of Russian children, formed using the best accumulated international experience, taking into account national specifics and the expected availability of data, including regional ones, possible prospects for the development of statistical control in the field of the situation of children in Russia.
Conclusion. Both world practice and domestic experience in determining the child well-being index indicate the key conditions for obtaining an adequate result – involving children themselves in assessing their rights and their own well-being, while analyzing objective and subjective indicators. The potential of dynamic monitoring of the child well-being index in the translation of the results obtained to improve the policy implemented in the field of childhood.

Introduction. The article presents the results of a study on the assessment of the consumption of tobacco and nicotine- containing products by Veterans.
The purpose of the study: to assess the prevalence of tobacco and nicotine among Militaries, impact on health, consumers’ desire to stop using, and the provision of medical care for tobacco/nicotine withdrawal.
Materials and methods. In accordance with the purpose of the study, a questionnaire was developed. The survey was conducted at the offices of the Defenders of the Fatherland Foundation. The indicators were calculated among all participants, as well as among men and women. The comparison of groups of consumers and non-tobacco/nicotine users was carried out using a two-proportional Z-test.
Results. 1,135 respondents took part in the survey. There was a high prevalence of tobacco and nicotine (67.2%). However, only 5.9% of respondents said that they started using these products while participating in their activities. 60.2% of consumers had a high degree of nicotine dependence. Sputum was 2 times more common among tobacco/nicotine users, cough was 1.5 times more common, and signs of chronic bronchitis were 2.6 times more common. 51.6% of consumers said they would like to give up.
Conclusion. The study revealed a high prevalence of tobacco/nicotine use among the participants of the study. Despite the effects of other health risk factors associated with official duties during combat operations, tobacco/nicotine use can be characterized as a serious health risk factor leading to additional health.

Introduction. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are becoming a strategic element in the transformation of the modern healthcare ecosystem. AI offers the potential to «scale» the human experience, allowing fewer specialists to reach more patients without loss of quality, therefore it is considered as a powerful assistant tool capable of enhancing the analytical and diagnostic capabilities of doctors. This review is devoted to the analysis of cases of successful implementations of AI solutions that have influenced key performance indicators of medical organizations. The purpose of the study is to systematize data demonstrating the impact of commercial and research solutions based on artificial intelligence on reducing the time required to perform medical and administrative procedures in healthcare and reducing the burden on medical personnel.
Materials and methods. The search for relevant publications was conducted in the international bibliographic databases PubMed and Google Scholar by keywords and their combinations: «artificial intelligence», «AI», «healthcare efficiency», «workload reduction», «time savings», «clinical decision support», «diagnostic imaging», «automated documentation», «physician burnout». Additionally, official reports and press releases from companies developing AI solutions for healthcare were analyzed.
Results. The publications analyzed in the review indicate that AI solutions are quite effective in a number of areas of the modern healthcare ecosystem. Reducing the administrative and diagnostic burden helps to overcome the personnel shortage by increasing the productivity of existing staff. Optimizing the workflow and reducing waiting times increase the availability of medical care. Reducing the volume of routine operations positively correlates with reducing the risk of professional burnout.
Conclusion. Artificial intelligence technologies demonstrate the potential to transform key processes in healthcare. At the same time, an imbalance has been identified in the research focus of the publications included in the review: works measuring diagnostic time indicators predominate, while the direct impact on staff workload has not been sufficiently studied. For a comprehensive assessment, further studies are needed that take into account not only operational metrics, but also long-term clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness.

Introduction. Circulatory system diseases are considered to be an epidemic of the 20th and 21st centuries. They account for up to half of the cases of disability and death among the adult population, with coronary artery disease being the leading cause. Many regions of Russia, including the Amur Region, are characterized by rapid growth rates of cardiovascular diseases among the adult population. The primary incidence of coronary artery disease also shows a steady and rapid increase. The significant prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, the high incidence and mortality rates associated with them, and their impact on population size indicate the need for their study and special attention from healthcare authorities.
The purpose of the study: to study the peculiarity of changes in the levels of primary incidence of coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction in the adult population of the Amur region, including citizens over working age, for the period from 2014 to 2023 in comparison with similar data for the Russian Federation and the Far Eastern Federal District.
Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, we used data from the Federal Statistical Survey Form No. 12, «Information on the number of diseases registered in patients living in the medical organization’s service area,» and evaluated the dynamics of IHD incidence among the adult population in specific regions and the country as a whole. We analyzed the incidence rates among the adult population and the population over the working age in the Amur Region, the Far Eastern Federal District, and the Russian Federation from 2014 to 2023. The incidence of IHD was estimated based on statistical data from the official collection «Incidence of the Adult Population in Russia.» The research methodology included the following stages: continuous observation; descriptive statistics; and comparative analysis of dynamic series. The data was processed using Microsoft Excel 2010.
Results. The dynamics of the primary incidence of IHD in the Amur Region, studied in 2014–2023, showed that its level was higher than the corresponding figures for the federal district and lower than the national figures. The primary incidence of IHD among residents of the region also shows an upward trend, with the highest incidence among citizens over the working age. The rate of increase in the primary incidence of IHD among older citizens is also higher than the rates among adult residents of the region and significantly exceeds the rates in the district and the country as a whole. The established differences and trends highlight the need to study the dynamics of morbidity and pay special attention to the health of elderly patients who are at the highest risk of disease and complications. Over the period 2014–2023, the incidence of acute myocardial infarction in the Amur Region has consistently exceeded the average rates for Russia and the Far Eastern Federal District, especially among older citizens, where it is twice as high as among the general adult population. This highlights the need for increased efforts in prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and control of cardiovascular diseases in this age group. The analysis of human resources indicates that the decline in the number of cardiologists providing specialized medical care to patients with circulatory system diseases has been successfully addressed. The availability of cardiac beds in the Amur Region decreased slightly between 2014 and 2023, but it is still higher than in the Far Eastern Federal District and the country as a whole. Monitoring the detection of new cases of coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction in the adult population in epidemiological studies helps to ensure control over the state of public health indicators, the economic costs of the healthcare system for the prevention of the progression and complications of coronary heart disease, and to work out ways to reduce the burden of diseases. The availability of human resources and the material base of medical organizations, as well as the use of modern organizational approaches to providing medical care, provide an opportunity to further improve its accessibility and quality.
Conclusion. A study of the trends in the primary incidence of coronary heart disease in the Amur Region from 2014 to 2023 showed that the incidence rate was higher than in the Far Eastern Federal District, but lower than the national average, and the incidence rate of acute myocardial infarction was higher than in the country and the Far Eastern Federal District. The increase in the primary incidence of coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction, coupled with a decrease in the population of the Amur Region and an increase in the demographic aging rate, highlights the need for the active implementation of a new (optimal) regional healthcare model that incorporates modern remote medical care methods to optimize approaches to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, thereby improving their accessibility and quality.

Introduction. The article presents the results of a survey of dentists from public medical organizations in the Irkutsk region.
The purpose of the study: is to identify and systematize the key problems that hinder the provision of high-quality and affordable emergency dental care to the population of a large region with difficult climatogeographic and demographic conditions to the population of a large region with difficult climatogeographic and demographic conditions (using the example of the Irkutsk region). The tasks included: studying the opinion of doctors on the causes of difficulties in diagnosis and treatment; analyzing factors affecting professional satisfaction and assessing the level of remuneration; studying workload distribution and involvement in providing round-the-clock care.
Materials and methods. An anonymous survey of 195 dentists was conducted using a specially designed online questionnaire. Data on gender and age characteristics, seniority, specialization, workload, as well as subjective assessments of clinical and organizational aspects of activities were analyzed.
Results. It has been established that a key barrier to improving the quality of dental care is suboptimal logistical support, in particular, a shortage or limited access to X-ray diagnostics, which directly correlates with a low level of professional satisfaction. A significant variability in workload was revealed with the concentration of the maximum flow of patients among surgical specialists, who also form the basis of the staff of round-the-clock services. A critically low level of wage satisfaction was recorded, which demonstrates an inverse correlation with the intensity of work. A significant factor leading to complications is the low adherence of patients to treatment, which underlines the need to develop programs to improve public health literacy.
Conclusion. The dental service of the Irkutsk region is experiencing significant stress due to the high need for emergency care and systemic restrictions. The key problems are staffing shortages, the imbalance of emergency care in remote areas, the inefficiency of digital systems, insufficient material and technical equipment, and low satisfaction with wages. A comprehensive regional modernization program is needed, including an improvement in the material and technical base, a revision of wages, optimization of patient routing, standardization of criteria for acute pain, the introduction of effective digital solutions and flexible personnel planning to eliminate the imbalance between the city and the periphery. A systematic approach will improve the quality and accessibility of emergency dental care.

Introduction. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated September 18, 2020 No. 2390-r «On approval of the Strategy for the Development of immunoprophylaxis for the period up to 2035» indicates that vaccination is an important tool in the prevention of infectious diseases and plays a key role in maintaining public health. The safety and effectiveness of vaccines used to immunize the population are guaranteed by state quality control: all drugs are subject to mandatory certification. The effectiveness of vaccines is undeniable, regardless of the medication used, although their nonspecific, positive effect on the human immune system may vary. Maintaining public confidence in immunization and the healthcare system is an essential factor.
The purpose of the study: to study and evaluate the attitude of medical workers and parents of preschool children to vaccination.
Materials and methods. The study of attitudes to vaccination was conducted in 5 medical and 10 preschool educational institutions in Chelyabinsk among 430 doctors and 1,030 parents of preschoolers in 2023–2024 according to two questionnaires developed by the authors. Descriptive statistics methods were used for statistical processing of the data obtained, and the chi-square test method was used to find the confidence level in the proportions of respondents’ responses.
Results. It was revealed that 98% of the surveyed doctors recognize the effectiveness and importance of immunoprophylaxis, 69.8% face refusals from patients to vaccinate. In the group of preschool parents, 72% highly rate the role of vaccination, while 23% of respondents treat it with disdain. Among medical professionals, the absolute majority (100%) trust the WHO recommendations, while 53% of parents consider the opinions of experts and bloggers on the Internet to be a priority. It was noted that 74% of respondents have a positive attitude towards polio vaccination, while 24% of respondents express a negative opinion about coronavirus vaccinations.
Conclusion. Despite the high assessment of the importance of vaccination by the medical community, there remains a significant proportion of skeptical parents. The main barrier is distrust of official sources and the influence of disinformation. A set of preventive measures is proposed for parents of preschoolers to promote vaccination and increase confidence in vaccines.

Introduction. In the first quarter of the 21st century, the healthcare sector underwent a transition to a risk-based control model, however, the scientific community notes the lack of completeness and validity of risk criteria that must comply with the principles of the rule of law and the need for dynamic adaptation to the conditions of medical care.
The purpose of the study: to identify areas for supplementing the current list of risk criteria for federal state control (supervision) of the quality and safety of medical activities.
Materials and methods. A content analysis of regulations containing requirements for risk indicators in the context of medical activity has been performed. Results. Risk criteria are a measure of assessing its significance, they must be reliable, accessible, measurable, sensitive to a high probability of harm to health, and contain a description of the objects of control (production facility, activity, or its result). Currently, the risk criteria approved for the federal state control (supervision) of the quality and safety of medical activities do not fully reflect the potential diversity of control objects, which suggests that there is potential for their improvement in the form of appropriate additional parameters.
Conclusion. In medicine, a sufficient amount of knowledge has been accumulated about the causes and conditions contributing to the occurrence of harm to the life or health of patients, which made it possible to level out the objective difficulties of formalizing manageable risk factors, which is a key preliminary stage for developing appropriate criteria.

Introduction. Throughout life, people inevitably face psychological difficulties, which are especially aggravated during periods of crisis. The COVID‑19 pandemic has become such a global challenge, having had an ambiguous impact on people’s personal qualities. She could both strengthen and weaken such personality traits as empathy, sociability, and emotional intelligence, so studying the social relationships of medical students in the post-pandemic period is of particular practical interest.
The purpose of the study: to study self-actualization of medical university students in the post-pandemic period.
Materials and methods. The level of self-actualization of 200 students of Smolensk State Medical University was studied using the Self-Actualization Test.
Results. As a result of the testing, it turned out that in the post-pandemic period, 34% of medical university students are self-actualized, 41% correspond to the psychological norm, and 25% of respondents showed a low level of self-actualization. It was also found that pediatric faculty students, unlike general medicine faculty students, have higher scores on most of the scales studied.
Conclusion. In the post-pandemic period, a high level of self-actualization has been observed among medical students, which indicates mental well-being in this student micro-society. Pediatric faculty students demonstrate higher self-actualization scores than general medicine faculty students.