Скрининг онкологических заболеваний на уровне государственных программ: обзор, рекомендации и управление

Представлен обзор существующих программ скрининга онкологических заболеваний, их системы организации и основных параметров реализации. Перечислены методы первичного скрининга, которые показали эффективность в отношение снижения смертности от определенных онкологических заболеваний, а также причины отсутствия программ скрининга в отношение некоторых из них. Рассмотрены существующие программы скрининга и их основные характеристики, приведены примеры использования экономического анализа для изменения программ скрининга. Отмечается, что в странах даже с большим его охватом, например, в США и Германии, отсутствует единый национальный регистр скрининга, а система приглашений не имеет популяционного характера. Хотя большой охват и развитость систем здравоохранения этих стран позволяет получать положительные эффекты оппортунистического скрининга, его эффективность ниже, чем в странах с организованными программами, а затраты – выше.

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