phОбщественное здоровьеPublic Health2782-16762949-1274ФГБУ «ЦНИИОИЗ» Минздрава России10.21045/2782-1676-2021-1-1-19-31ph-5Research ArticleРАННЕЕ ВЫЯВЛЕНИЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙEARLY DETECTION OF DISEASESСкрининг онкологических заболеваний на уровне государственных программ: обзор, рекомендации и управлениеCancer screening at the level of state programs: review, recommendations and managementБарчукА. А.BarchukA. A.

канд. мед. наук, научный сотрудник

г. Санкт-Петербург

barchuk.anton@gmail.comРаскинаЮ. В.RaskinaYu. V.

канд. экон. наук, доцент факультета экономики

г. Санкт-Петербург

raskina@eu.spb.ruСмирноваО. В.SmirnovaO. V.

канд. мед. наук

г. Санкт-Петербург

ssmirnova.oa@gmail.comБеляевА. М.BelyaevA. M.

д-р мед. наук, профессор

г. Санкт-Петербург

oncl@rion.spb.ruБагненкоС. Ф.BagnenkoS. F.

д-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН

г. Санкт-Петербург

bagnenko_spb@mail.ruФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н. Н. Петрова» Минздрава России; Европейский Университет в Санкт-ПетербургеRussian FederationЕвропейский Университет в Санкт-ПетербургеRussian FederationФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н. Н. Петрова» Минздрава РоссииRussian FederationФГБОУВО «ПСПбГМУ им. акад. И. П. Павлова» Минздрава РоссииRussian Federation202108062021111931Copyright © Барчук А.А., Раскина Ю.В., Смирнова О.В., Беляев А.М., Багненко С.Ф., 20212021Барчук А.А., Раскина Ю.В., Смирнова О.В., Беляев А.М., Багненко С.Ф.Barchuk A.A., Raskina Y.V., Smirnova O.V., Belyaev A.M., Bagnenko S.F.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ph.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5

Представлен обзор существующих программ скрининга онкологических заболеваний, их системы организации и основных параметров реализации. Перечислены методы первичного скрининга, которые показали эффективность в отношение снижения смертности от определенных онкологических заболеваний, а также причины отсутствия программ скрининга в отношение некоторых из них. Рассмотрены существующие программы скрининга и их основные характеристики, приведены примеры использования экономического анализа для изменения программ скрининга. Отмечается, что в странах даже с большим его охватом, например, в США и Германии, отсутствует единый национальный регистр скрининга, а система приглашений не имеет популяционного характера. Хотя большой охват и развитость систем здравоохранения этих стран позволяет получать положительные эффекты оппортунистического скрининга, его эффективность ниже, чем в странах с организованными программами, а затраты – выше.

An overview of existing cancer screening programs, their organization system, and the main implementation parameters is presented. The methods of primary screening that have been shown to be effective in reducing mortality from certain cancers, as well as the reasons for the lack of screening programs in relation to some of them, are listed. The existing screening programs and their main characteristics are considered, and examples of using economic analysis to change screening programs are given. It is noted that in countries even with a large coverage, for example, in the United States and Germany, there is no single national register of screening, and the invitation system does not have a population-based nature. Although the large coverage and development of health systems in these countries allows for the positive effects of opportunistic screening, its effectiveness is lower than in countries with organized programs, and the costs are higher.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.