In recent years, one of the priority areas of work of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and subordinate organizations has become the formation of an unified system of strengthening public health, including both infrastructure and program elements, and specific measures. This work analyzes the results of activity on the formation of the coronavirus infection system.

An overview of existing cancer screening programs, their organization system, and the main implementation parameters is presented. The methods of primary screening that have been shown to be effective in reducing mortality from certain cancers, as well as the reasons for the lack of screening programs in relation to some of them, are listed. The existing screening programs and their main characteristics are considered, and examples of using economic analysis to change screening programs are given. It is noted that in countries even with a large coverage, for example, in the United States and Germany, there is no single national register of screening, and the invitation system does not have a population-based nature. Although the large coverage and development of health systems in these countries allows for the positive effects of opportunistic screening, its effectiveness is lower than in countries with organized programs, and the costs are higher.

It is indicated in the article the importance of vaccine confidence of the population, medical workers, the media, and the bodies of authority. The vaccine confidence is necessary for the implementation of vaccine prevention at the population level for national security. The risk-communication concept to ensure adherence to vaccine prevention of all segments of the population are present. The main directions of activities for the implementation of the concept are given.

Aim. The work aims to analyze the use of mortality rates in long-term projects and programs, in particular in the field of public health and prevention of socio-demographic problems associated with the use of psychoactive substances (tobacco, nicotine-containing products, alcohol, and drugs).

Methods. The analysis of regulations, statistical documents, and scientific literature.

Results. The use of mortality rates in long-term projects and programs, in particular in the field of public health and prevention of socio-demographic problems associated with the use of psychoactive substances was analyzed.

Conclusion. Some indicators reflecting substance use-related mortality are legitimately used as targets and estimates for long-term public health and prevention. It allows assessing the effectiveness of the adopted comprehensive measures and serves as vector «markers» of global demographics.

The concept of healthy nutrition as a key factor shaping human health in all periods of life, as well as its fundamental principles based on the basic laws on nutrition, is considered. Special attention is paid to the issues of food safety, ensuring the physiological needs for energy, food and biologically active substances, the importance of diversity and balance of the diet. The main violations of the nutrition structure of the population of the Russian Federation are reflected and effective tools for its improvement, prevention of alimentary-dependent non-communicable diseases and health-saving of the nation are proposed.

Relevance. In the context of the pandemic, the current psychological state and the likely delayed deterioration of the mental health of medical personnel, regardless of their professional duties, are of concern. Taking into account the stressful circumstances in which the pandemic has placed all medical workers, assessing the level of perceived stress, as well as identifying risk factors and factors that mitigate stress, is an urgent task, the solution of which will contribute to the effective organization of psychological support for medical personnel.

Methods. The study used a shortened version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS10) as the main methodology – a tool designed to study a person's attitude to stressful situations and determine the degree to which life is assessed as stressful and uncontrolled (Cohen et al., 1988). The methodology is widely used by the scientific community, including during the pandemic, and the original English version of the PSS has been translated into many languages and adapted in different countries. The study was conducted through an online survey.

Respondents. The study, conducted in the period from May 9 to June 26, 2020, when there was a steady increase in SARS-CoV 2 virus infections in Russia, involved 1,287 employees of medical institutions in various subjects of the federation (1,079 women and 208 men) aged 19 to 80 years. The sample of the study is represented by doctors, middle and junior medical staff, heads of medical departments and institutions, as well as volunteers.

Results. A high average overall index of perceived stress among employees of medical institutions was revealed. The highest level of stress is observed in the youngest age group (from 19 to 30 years), and with age, the level of stress decreases. There were no differences in the level of stress between male and female health workers in any of the considered stress indicators. Protective factors against increased stress are the presence of children and living with family members or relatives, while the presence of a spouse / partner does not affect the overall indicator of perceived stress. From different categories of medical workers, the index of perceived stress is higher in managers and doctors compared to middle and junior medical personnel. There were no significant differences in the level of stress between the staff working and not working in the "red zone". Differences in the level of stress of medical workers depending on the current situation (the number of infected and dead) in the region of residence were revealed: the level of stress is higher for those specialists who are forced to work in stressful conditions due to the complex epidemiological situation. The relationship between different beliefs about COVID19 and the level of stress is shown: the level of stress is higher in those who take its danger more seriously. In terms of the sources of stress, the most likely predictors are anxiety about exposure to COVID19 at work and the likelihood of infecting loved ones, fear of catching it yourself and getting sick, inability to meet the usual personal needs and economic instability.

Conclusions. Practical interventions, the provision of psychological support and the development of actions to reduce stress for staff during a pandemic, should take into account the role of factors in increasing stress among staff working in specific conditions and focus on the prevailing beliefs and stressors in specific categories of medical factors.