Comprehensive reduction of anxiety levels as a factor of effective rehabilitation of patients after limb amputation

Introduction. Limb amputation causes stress and anxiety, which affects patients’ rehabilitation and quality of life. Anxiety, assessed using the Spielberg-Khanin scale (1976), is an important indicator of the perioperative period, especially in the early postoperative stage. Cognitive-behavioral and motivational techniques, mindfulness, emotional support, rapid testing, and modern pain management techniques are used to reduce anxiety. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation reduces the risk of complications and helps patients adjust. The methods for psychocorrection of phantom pain and psychological state during reconstructive surgery are also studied. Prevention of anxiety requires comprehensive assessment and combination of psychotherapeutic and medical approaches, taking into account individual and social factors. The purpose of the study: to study the effectiveness of an integrated approach to reducing anxiety in patients after limb amputation and its impact on the rehabilitation process by assessing the dynamics of anxiety in the early postoperative period, as well as to develop and test a multidisciplinary psychological support program and analyze the relationship between anxiety levels, pain intensity and the quality of the rehabilitation process. Materials and methods. The research methodology involved the use of the Spielberger-Khanin self-assessment scale to assess psychoemotional state, and a visual analog scale to quantify pain syndrome. Medical and rehabilitation treatment included drug therapy, psychological support, and specialized rehabilitation measures. A study sample of 56 patients was used. Results. A statistically significant decrease in the level of situational and personal anxiety was observed in patients during the first week of therapy. The best results were observed in patients with toe amputations, while the worst results were seen in patients with hip amputation. There was a positive trend towards reducing pain and improving sleep quality. Conclusion. The results obtained confirm the importance of multidisciplinary interaction between specialists and the need for an individual approach to each patient, taking into account the degree of limb loss and associated factors. The developed program can be recommended for implementation in rehabilitation centers.

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