Analysis of demographic processes and the overall incidence of coronary heart disease in the adult population of the Amur region over the past decade

Introduction. The Global Burden of Disease study of morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease in different countries in 1990–2017 showed that about 126 million people worldwide suffered from this disease (1,655 thousand cases per 100,000 population), which is 1.72% of the population. By 2030, the incidence of coronary heart disease is expected to increase to 1,845 thousand cases per 100,000 population. In the Russian Federation in 2023, 7,886,843 patients with coronary heart disease (5,385.4 cases per 100,000 population) were registered, 735,779 people died, which accounted for 53.5% of all deaths from diseases of the circulatory system and 24.7% of all deaths in the country. The incidence of myocardial infarction in 2023 was 160.4 cases per 100,000 adults. The high prevalence of coronary heart disease provokes an expansion of comorbid conditions, a decrease in the working capacity and quality of life of the population, an increase in disability, mortality and the social burden of diseases. In the context of demographic aging and staff shortages, healthcare is faced with the task of improving organizational models of care, taking into account regional specifics, as exemplified by the analysis of the situation in the Amur Region as a basis for evaluating the effectiveness of medical interventions. The purpose of the study: to study the specifics of demographic processes and the general incidence of coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction in the Amur region to establish trends and influencing factors. Materials and methods. Materials and methods. Materials of official collections of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, the Department of monitoring, analysis and strategic development of healthcare and the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Central Research Institute of Healthcare Organization and Informatization” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, scientific articles on the relevant diseases were studied. Continuous statistical observation was performed, methods of statistical analysis (data processing, identification of trends using time series methods), comparative analysis (comparison of the values of indicators) were applied, completeness and reliability of statistical data were estimated. Data processing in the Microsoft Excel 2010 program was carried out. Results. In the Amur region, there is a decrease in the population, its aging, and an increase in the demographic burden, which affects the incidence of coronary heart disease, which is higher than the average in the Russian and Far Eastern Federal Districts. Some settlements in areas with extremely low population density are difficult to access. The above creates the need to modernize existing approaches to the organization of medical care for such patients. The implementation of a set of measures, including preventive measures for residents of isolated rural areas with interdepartmental cooperation between regional executive authorities, bringing medical care closer to the patient through the use of remote technologies, as well as the introduction of digital systems for collecting patient data at the outpatient stage aimed at improving the healthcare system, will increase accessibility, improve the quality and timeliness of medical care. Conclusion. The results of the study revealed a number of regional factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. An increase in the incidence of coronary heart disease has been established, which necessitates the modernization of the medical care system. A target model has been developed for regions with low population density, the implementation of which will increase the availability and quality of cardiological care, reduce the burden on medical institutions and increase patient satisfaction. Conducting such studies is an important tool for assessing the state of the healthcare system, analyzing the impact of factors on the incidence of coronary heart disease and the basis for sound management in healthcare. The results of this work will help healthcare organizers in finding the best approaches to organizing medical care aimed at increasing its accessibility.

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