The impact of alcohol consumption on the risks of developing non-communicable diseases in the Russian Federation

Introduction. The article presents the results of a study assessing the association of alcohol consumption with the development of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). The purpose of the study: to study the individual relative (OR) and population attributive risks (PAR) of developing NCDs in alcohol consumption among the adult population of the Russian Federation (RF), including depending on gender and intensity of alcohol consumption. Materials and methods. The data source was microdata from a Sample health status observation of the population in RF in 2023. The Observation questionnaire included questions about frequency and amount of alcohol consumption, diagnosed any NCDs of respondents. The intensity of alcohol consumption was assessed using AUDIT (WHO test). The calculation of OR and PAR was carried out using stratification analysis. Results. In 2023, 49.1% of the adult population consumed alcohol during the last 12 months. The intensity of alcohol consumption was low: 98.14% of female-consumers and 87.45% of male-consumers consumed alcohol with a low risk. The OR revealed alcohol as a risk factor for 10 diseases in men and 9 in women. IR was associated with levels of alcohol consumption: at low risk level, men have an increased risk of 10 diseases, women – 5; at risky use level, men have an increased risk of 11 diseases, women –  6. Heavy alcohol consumption increases men’s risk of 12 diseases, in women –  7. In general, excessive morbidity due to alcohol consumption was associated with 16 diseases. Conclusion. Reducing the prevalence of alcohol consumption among the adult population can significantly reduce the incidence of NCDs.

1. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. GBD2015 Risk Factors Collaborators. The Lancet, 2016, V 388, Issue 10053, P1659–1724, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140–6736(16)31679-8

2. Nyberg S., Batty G. D., Pentti J., Madsen I. et al. Association of alcohol use with years lived without major chronic diseases: A multicohort study from the IPD-Work consortium and UK Biobank. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2022 Aug; 19: 100417. doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100417

3. Song S., Lei L., Lui H., Yang F. et al. Impact of changing the prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption and overweight/obesity on cancer incidence in China from 2021 to 2050: a simulation modelling study. eClinicalMedicine, 2023;63: 102163. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102163

4. Zhao J., Stockwell T., Naimi T. et al. Association Between Daily Alcohol Intake and Risk of All-Cause MortalityA Systematic Review and Meta-analyses. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(3): e236185. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.6185

5. Lebedeva-Nesevrya N.A., Zhdanova-Zaplesvichko I.G., Rerke V. I., Barg A. O. Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for public health: a review of Russian research. Health Risk Analysis. 2017;4: 147–156, DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2017.4.15 (In Russian).

6. Zhdanova-Zaplesvichko I.G., Zaikova Z. A. Analysis of medical and social-economic consequences of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs consumption in Irkutsk region. In:. Prevention medicine methodology and healthy life style formation: Scientific papers collection / Agapitov A. E., ed. Irkutsk, RIO GBOU DPO IGMAPO, Publ., 2012: 15–18 (in Russian).

7. Shuvalova N. V. Medical and biological risk factors of blood system diseases in the Chuvash republic. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya, 2012; 4: 70 (in Russian).

8. Shangina O.V., Maximovich D. M., Zaridze D. G. Descriptive, analytical and molecular epidemiology of pancreatic cancer. Siberian Journal of Oncology. 2022; 21(3): 90–103. – doi: 10.21294/1814-4861-2022-21-3-90-103 (In Russian).

9. Shangina O.V., Sdvizhkov A. M., Kozhanov L. G., Finkelstein M. R., Brennan P., Buffett P., Zaridze D. G. Risk factors for laryngeal cancer in Eastern and Central European countries. Voprosy Onkologii. 2007;3(3): 321–328. (In Russian).

10. The main methodological and organizational provisions of the Selective Federal statistical observation of the health status of the population. Rosstat. 2023. URL: https://rosstat.gov.ru/free_doc/new_site/zdor23/PublishSite_2023/files/ОМОП_ВНСЗН-2023.pdf (In Russian)

11. WHO alcohol brief intervention training manual for primary care. World Health Organization, 2017. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/346078/WHO-EURO-2017-2973-42731-59604-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

12. Briko N.I., Brazhnikov A.Yu., Kiryanova E. V., Mindlina A.Ya., Polibin R. V., Torchinsky N. V. Clinical epidemiology and the basics of evidence-based medicine. Interdisciplinary textbook for doctors. Ed. by Brico N. I. M: REMEDIUM POVOLZHIE. 2019. (In Russian).

13. Pollard J.H. A Handbook of Numerical and Statistical Techniques. Cambridge University Press, 1977

14. Nadezhdin A.V., Tetenova E. Yu., Petukhov A. E., Davydova E. N. Cross-sectional study of alcohol consumption with harmful effects in cardiological patients hospitalized for urgent indications in a multidisciplinary hospital. Medicine, 2024; 12(2): 90–113. doi: 10.29234/2308-9113-2024-12-2-90-113. (In Russian).