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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ph</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общественное здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-1676</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-1274</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБУ «ЦНИИОИЗ» Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21045/2782-1676-2023-3-1-18-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ph-85</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕОРИЯ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО ЗДОРОВЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PUBLIC HEALTH THEORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Грудное вскармливание в России: проблемы и перспективы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Breastfeeding in russia: problems and prospects</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4720-7231</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ладодо</surname><given-names>О. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ladodo</surname><given-names>O. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ладодо Ольга Борисовна – кандидат медицинских наук, руководитель «Национального координирующего центра по поддержке грудного вскармливания»</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga B. Ladodo – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the National Coordinating Center for Breastfeeding Support</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o_ladodo@oparina4.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0353-6372</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жданова</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhdanova</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жданова Светлана Игоревна – кандидат медицинских наук, руководитель отдела нутритивных технологий в неонатологии и педиатрии института неонатологии и педиатрии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana I. Zhdanova – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of Nutritional Technologies</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s_zhdanova@oparina4.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8366-5208</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубков</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubkov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зубков Виктор Васильевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор института неонатологии и педиатрии; заведующий кафедрой неонатологии департамента профессионального образования; профессор кафедры неонатологии клинического института детского здоровья имени Н.Ф. Филатова</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor V. Zubkov – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Director of the Institute of Neonatology and Pediatrics, Head of the Department of Neonatology, Department of Vocational Education; Professor of the Department of Neonatology, Clinical Institute of Children’s Health named after N.F. Filatov</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v_zubkov@oparina4.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5288-1132</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коденцова</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kodentsova</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коденцова Вера Митрофановна – доктор биол. наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории витаминов и минеральных веществ</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vera M. Kodentsova – Doctor of Biology, Professor, Chief Researcher, Laboratory of Vitamins and Minerals</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kodentsova@ion.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8975-2425</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дегтярев</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Degtyarev</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дегтярев Дмитрий Николаевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заместитель директора центра по научной работе, заведующий кафедрой неонатологии клинического института детского здоровья имени Н.Ф. Филатова</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry N. Degtyarev – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Deputy Director; Head of the Department of Neonatology, Clinical Institute of Children’s Health named after N.F. Filatov</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d_degtiarev@oparina4.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1831-887X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рюмина</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryumina</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рюмина Ирина Ивановна – доктор медицинских наук, руководитель отделения патологии новорожденных и недоношенных детей, профессор кафедры неонатологии </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina I. Ryumina – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Pathology of Newborns and Premature Infants, Professor of the Department of Neonatology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i_ryumina@oparina4.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салагай</surname><given-names>О. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Salagay</surname><given-names>O. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Салагай Олег Олегович – кандидат медицинских наук, заместитель Министра здравоохранения Российской Федерации</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg O. Salagaу – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Deputy Minister of Health of the Russian Federation</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">salagayoo@minzdrav.gov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шешко</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sheshko</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шешко Елена Леонидовна – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, директор Департамента – Департамент медицинской помощи детям, службы родовспоможения и общественного здоровья Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena L. Sheshko – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Director of the Department – Department of Medical Care for Children, Obstetrics and Public Health Services</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sheshkoel@minzdrav.gov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBI «National medical research center for obstetrics, gynecology and perinatology named after academician V.I. Kulakov» Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBI «National medical research center for obstetrics, gynecology and perinatology named after academician V.I. Kulakov» Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «ФИЦ питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Center for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ладодо О.Б., Жданова С.И., Зубков В.В., Коденцова В.М., Дегтярев Д.Н., Рюмина И.И., Салагай О.О., Шешко Е.Л., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ладодо О.Б., Жданова С.И., Зубков В.В., Коденцова В.М., Дегтярев Д.Н., Рюмина И.И., Салагай О.О., Шешко Е.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ladodo O.B., Zhdanova S.I., Zubkov V.V., Kodentsova V.M., Degtyarev D.N., Ryumina I.I., Salagay O.O., Sheshko E.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ph.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/85">https://ph.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/85</self-uri><abstract><p>Исключительно грудное вскармливание в течение первых шести месяцев жизни обеспечивает множество краткосрочных и долгосрочных преимуществ для здоровья. Осознание женщиной представления о грудном вскармливании как уникальном биологическом феномене, имеющем не только пищевое, но и психологическое значение, оказывающее мощное положительное влияние на нервно-психическое развитие ребенка, является важным условием выработки доминанты грудного вскармливания. Преждевременное отлучение от груди или отказ от кормления грудью повышает риск развития многих социально значимых заболеваний как матери, так и ребенка.</p><p>Возможность оптимизировать микронутриентный статус беременной, а затем кормящей женщины путем приема специализированных витаминно-минеральных комплексов, соответствующих физиологической потребности женщин в этом физиологическом состоянии, диктует необходимость с одной стороны разработки новых клинических рекомендаций по питанию женщин в этот период, с другой стороны – создания образовательных (просветительских) программ здорового питания с использованием средств массовых информаций. Необходимо также ускорить принятие закона об обязательном йодировании соли. Прием витаминно-минеральных комплексов для кормящих женщин является надежным способом не только устранения множественного дефицита микронутриентов в рационе и улучшения обеспеченности организма кормящей женщины, но и способом оптимизации витаминного состава грудного молока и обеспеченности ребенка на исключительно естественном вскармливании.</p><p>Выявлены некоторые проблемы, возникающие при грудном вскармливании, среди которых недостаточная осведомленность медицинских работников и женщин о пользе грудного вскармливания для здоровья ребенка и матери, недостаточное использование витаминно-минеральных комплексов для улучшения микронутриентного статуса как женщины, так и младенца, отсутствие образовательных программ, разъясняющих преимущества грудного вскармливания. Только совместная работа медицинских и общественных организаций по устранению перечисленных проблем позволит максимально реализовать преимущества грудного вскармливания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life provides many short and long term health benefits. A woman’s awareness of the concept of breastfeeding as a unique biological phenomenon that has not only nutritional, but also psychological significance, which has a powerful positive effect on the neuropsychic development of the child, is an important condition for the development of breastfeeding dominance. Premature weaning or refusal to breastfeed increases the risk of developing many socially significant diseases for both mother and child.</p><p>The ability to optimize the micronutrient status of a pregnant and then lactating woman by taking specialized vitamin-mineral complexes (VMCs) that correspond to the physiological needs of women in this physiological state dictates the need, on the one hand, to develop new clinical recommendations for women’s nutrition during this period, on the other hand – creation of educational (educational) programs of healthy nutrition using mass media. It is also necessary to expedite the adoption of a law on mandatory salt iodization. Admission, IUD for lactating women, is a reliable way not only to eliminate multiple micronutrient deficiencies in the diet and improve the supply of the body of a nursing woman, but also to optimize the vitamin composition of breast milk and the provision of a child exclusively breastfed.</p><p>Some problems that arise during breastfeeding have been identified, including the lack of awareness of women about the benefits of breastfeeding for the health of the child and mother, the insufficient use of IUDs to improve the micronutrient status of both women and infants, and the lack of educational programs explaining the benefits of breastfeeding. Only the joint work of medical and public organizations to eliminate these problems will make it possible to maximize the benefits of breastfeeding.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>грудное вскармливание</kwd><kwd>грудное молоко</kwd><kwd>образовательные программы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>breastfeeding</kwd><kwd>breast milk</kwd><kwd>educational programs</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moubareck C. A. Human milk microbiota and oligosac­charides: a glimpse into benefits, diversity, and correlations. // Nutrients. 2021; 13(4): 1123. DOI: 10.3390/nu13041123</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moubareck C. A. Human milk microbiota and oligosaccha­rides: a glimpse into benefits, diversity and correlations. Nutrients. 2021; 13(4): 1123. 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