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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ph</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Общественное здоровье</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Health</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-1676</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2949-1274</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБУ «ЦНИИОИЗ» Минздрава России</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21045/2782-1676-2022-2-2-4-13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ph-51</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕОРИЯ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО ЗДОРОВЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PUBLIC HEALTH THEORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Прогноз заболеваемости и смертности от рака шейки матки в России в зависимости от вакцинации против ВПЧ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prognosis of incidence and mortality from cervical cancer in Russia depending on vaccination against HPV</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2824-3704</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заридзе</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaridze</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заридзе Давид Георгиевич – д-р мед. наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, руководитель отдела клинической эпидемиологии</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>David G. Zaridze – D.Sc (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member of RAS, Head of the Department of Clinical Epidemiology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dgzaridze@crc.umos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стилиди</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stilidi</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стилиди Иван Сократович – д-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН, директор</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan S. Stilidi – D.Sc (Medicine), Professor, Academician of RAS, Director</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7560-5088</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимович</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimovich</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максимович Дмитрий Михайлович – старший научный сотрудник отдела клинической эпидемиологии</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry M. Maksimovitch – senior scientist, Department of Clinical Epidemiology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmax@crc.umos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дзитиев</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzitiev</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дзитиев Данил Михайлович – стажер отдела клинической эпидемиологии</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Danil M. Dzitiev – interne, Department of Clinical Epidemiology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">danilinclude@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Заридзе Д.Г., Стилиди И.С., Максимович Д.М., Дзитиев Д.М., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Заридзе Д.Г., Стилиди И.С., Максимович Д.М., Дзитиев Д.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zaridze D.G., Stilidi I.S., Maksimovich D.M., Dzitiev D.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ph.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/51">https://ph.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/51</self-uri><abstract><p>Вирус папилломы человека (ВПЧ) по данным Международного агентства по изучению рака (МАИР) является канцерогенным для человека и приводит к развитию рака шейки матки (РШМ), рака вульвы, рака влагалища, рака полового члена, рака анального канала у мужчин и женщин, рака ротоглотки у мужчин и женщин. Разработаны и разрешены для применения двухвалентная (Cervarix), четырехвалентная (GARDASIL) и девятивалентная вакцины (GARDASIL9). В рандомизированных клинических исследованиях доказана их эффективность и безопасность. Доказана эффективность вакцин в странах, которые начали вакцинировать подростков в 2006–2007 году. Вакцинация предупреждает: а) инфицированность ВПЧ среди вакцинированных; б) заболеваемость предраковыми заболеваниями шейки матки; заболеваемость инвазивным раком шейки матки. Всемирная организация здравоохранения (ВОЗ) предложила целевые показатели в 2030 г для ликвидации РШМ, которые включают охват вакцинацией 90% девочек в возрасте до 15 лет и скрининг РШМ в 35 и 45 лет, т. е. 2 раза в течение жизни женщины. Цель ВОЗ – снижение заболеваемости РШМ до уровня редкой опухоли, т. е. 4 случая на 100 000 населения.</p><p>В России заболеваемость РШМ растет с начала 1990-годов, и прогнозируется ее дальнейший рост. Смертность от РШМ, после длительного падения, с начала 1990 годов слегка выросла, а затем стабилизировалась. В 2019 году заболеваемость РШМ была равна 15,4, а смертность 5,0 на 100 000 женского населения. Было зарегистрировано 17 500 случаев рака шейки матки (РШМ) и 6 300 случаев смерти.</p><p>Целью нашего исследования является оценка количества потенциально предотвратимых случаев заболевания и смерти от РШМ женщин в возрасте 15–79 лет в течение 21 века в результате вакцинации когорт девочек, рожденных в 2009–2018, 2019–2028, 2029–2038 годах. Прогноз проводился на основании данных заболеваемости и смертности в 2018 году, а также прогнозируемых нами показателях в 2032 году. Мы исходили из допущения, что охват вакцинацией девочек до 15 лет будет соответствовать рекомендациям ВОЗ (90%), а также, что эффективность вакцины будет максимальной, приводящей к 80% снижению распространенности ВПЧ-инфекции. Прогноз, основанный на данных 2018 г., показал, что до конца 21 века в данной когорте РШМ заболеют 348 850 и умрут 117 862 женщины. Своевременная вакцинация 90% девочек, предотвратит 250 544 случаев заболевания и 84 648 случаев смерти. Прогноз, основанный на показателях заболеваемости и смертности 2032 г. показал, что в когорте РШМ заболеют 470 729 и умрут от РШМ 130 811 женщин. Вакцинация 90% этих женщин предотвратит 338 078 случаев заболевания и 93 948 случаев смерти от РШМ.</p><p>Мы показали, что вакцинация против ВПЧ приведет к значительному снижению заболеваемости и смертности от РШМ, т. е. сохранит многие сотни тысяч жизней. Несомненно, что это самый важный аргумент в пользу внедрения в практику здравоохранения вакцинации против ВПЧ. Тем не менее, проблема окончательно не решена. Необходимо провести реалистическую оценку финансовых затрат вакцинации по сравнению с финансовым бременем, связанным с последствиями заболевания РШМ, основанную на анализе заболеваемости и смертности от РШМ и прогнозе этих показателей, представленной в данной статье. Финансовые потери, связанные с заболеванием и смертью от РШМ, впрочем, как и от других причин, включают не только лечение, но и ряд демографических, социальных и экономических последствий для страны и общества.</p><p>В связи с этим, следующий этап нашей работы – это оценка экономической эффективности вакцинации против ВПЧ в когорте 24 миллионов девочек, рожденных с 2009 по 2038 г., на основании прогнозируемой в этой статье заболеваемости и смертности и количества случаев заболевания и смерти, которые может предотвратить вакцинация.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Human papilloma virus (HPV) is carcinogenic to humans and causes cervical cancer, as well as cancers of the vagina, vulva, penis, anus and oropharynx both in men and women. Based on this evidence the vaccines against HPV have been developed, registered and a recommended for use. These include bivalent vaccine (CERVARIX), quadrivalent vaccine (GARDASIL) and nonavalent vaccine (GARDASIL9). The effectiveness and safety of these vaccines were shown in the randomized clinical trials as well as in the real life in the countries where vaccination of girls aged 12–13 years was started in 2007–8. Vaccination prevents: a) HPV infection among vaccinated, b) cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and c) invasive cervical cancer.</p><p>World health organization (WHO) strategy to eliminate cervical cancer proposes the following targets that must be met by 2030: 90% of girls fully vaccinated by age 15; 70% women screened by 35 and again in 45 years of age. The goal of WHO is the decrease cervical cancer incidence to 4 cases per 100 000 population.</p><p>In Russia the incidence of cervical cancer is on increase since early 1990 s and further rise is predicted. Mortality from cervical cancer has slightly increased in early 1990 s and since has stabilized. In 2019 the incidence (age standardized rates) of cervical cancer was 15,4 and mortality 5,6 per 100 000 population. The number of newly diagnosed cases was 17 500 and amount of dearth from cervical cancer – 6300.</p><p>In this paper we assess the number of the preventable cervical cancer cases and death from this disease in women aged 15–79 years during the forthcoming years of 21 century as a result of the HPV vaccination of girls born in 2009–2018, 2019–28, 2029–2038. The prognosis is based on the incidence and mortality from cervical cancer in 2018 and predicted rates for 2032. Our assumption was that of 90% of girls under 15 years will be covered by vaccination and the effectiveness of vaccination will be 79,80% in decrease of the HPV prevalence.</p><p>The estimates based on 2018 statistics suggest that among women born in 2009–2038 years – 348 850 will be diagnosed with cervical cancer and 117 862 will die from it. The timely vaccination of 90% of girls will prevent 250544 cases and 84648 deaths from cervical cancer. Based on the estimated incidence and mortality for 2032 among these cohorts of women 470 729 will be diagnosed with and 130 811will die from cervical cancer. vaccination will prevent 338 078 cases of disease and save 93 948 lives.</p><p>We have shown that vaccination results in the decrease in incidence and mortality from cervical cancer and will save hundred thousands of lives. This is the strongest argument for urgent implementation of vaccination program in Russia. An additional important task is the assessment of economic impact of vaccination in comparison with the heavy burden imposed by disease and deaths from cervical cancer. The financial losses due to high incidence and mortality from cervical cancer or any other disease in addition to the costs of treatment include demographic and social factors. The latter will have largest impact on the economy and wellbeing of the country.</p><p>Therefore the next step of our study will be the analyses of the cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccination in the cohort of 24 million women born in 2009–2038 based on the predicted in this paper incidence and mortality of cervical cancer and number of disease and deaths that will be prevented by vaccination.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус папилломы человека</kwd><kwd>рак шейки матки</kwd><kwd>вакцинация</kwd><kwd>эффективность вакцинации</kwd><kwd>прогноз</kwd><kwd>заболеваемость</kwd><kwd>смертность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>human papilloma virus</kwd><kwd>cervical cancer</kwd><kwd>vaccination</kwd><kwd>effectiveness of vaccination</kwd><kwd>prognosis</kwd><kwd>incidence</kwd><kwd>mortality</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. 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